In Hargeisa, The Breakaway region Somaliland’s capital, a calm has returned following the celebrations for Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi “Irro,” who secured a decisive win in the November 13 presidential election, Hiiraan Online reports. Irro, who claimed 64% of the vote, ended 14 years of Kulmiye party dominance and began a new era for the self-declared republic often praised for its democratic governance in the Horn of Africa.
Somaliland, which has enjoyed peace and stability for over 30 years despite lacking international recognition, now looks to Irro to address pressing challenges. The 69-year-old leader inherits a divided nation grappling with clan disputes, economic stagnation, and its long-standing quest for global acknowledgment.
One major challenge is the Las Anod conflict. During Muse Bihi Abdi’s presidency, the separatist SSC-Khatumo group seized territory in eastern Somaliland, citing decades of marginalization. Efforts by Somaliland’s military to retake the area largely failed, resulting in substantial territorial losses and displacing over 200,000 civilians. These events intensified grievances within the Dhulbahante community.
The Wadani party, under Irro’s leadership, has pledged to bridge these divisions through equitable governance and inclusive policies. A party spokesperson emphasized the importance of rebuilding trust and ensuring no community feels excluded.
Economic issues remain equally pressing. Youth unemployment exceeds 70%, and limited foreign investment, compounded by the absence of international recognition, has spurred migration among young people seeking better opportunities abroad. Many resort to the dangerous migration route known as tahriib.
Irro’s government must also address controversy surrounding a January 2024 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by his predecessor with Ethiopia. The agreement grants Ethiopia a 50-year lease on a 20-kilometer stretch of Somaliland’s coastline near Berbera port, giving Ethiopia access to the Red Sea in exchange for recognizing Somaliland’s sovereignty.
However, skepticism surrounds the MoU. While Ethiopia gains a strategic maritime outlet, the economic benefits for Somaliland, such as revenue from leasing or infrastructure development, remain unclear. The lack of transparency has drawn domestic criticism, with many questioning its true value for the local economy.
Regionally, the MoU has sparked tension with Somalia, which views the deal as an infringement on its sovereignty. Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud condemned the agreement, warning against actions that undermine territorial integrity. Egypt, already at odds with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, has reportedly opposed the agreement by increasing military support to Somalia.
Securing international recognition remains Somaliland’s primary goal, and Irro is expected to intensify efforts in this area. While previous administrations prioritized lobbying Western nations like the U.S. and the UK, Irro’s Wadani party signals a shift toward partnerships with African and Global South countries.
Optimism has also grown with Donald Trump’s return to the U.S. presidency. During his first term, Trump’s administration showed interest in Somaliland’s strategic importance and democratic values. According to reports, former UK Defense Secretary Gavin Williamson has advocated for Somaliland’s recognition, highlighting its stability in a volatile region.
Despite these efforts, opposition from Mogadishu persists. Somalia continues to block recognition attempts, complicating Somaliland’s diplomatic initiatives. Additionally, the African Union and Arab League remain hesitant to recognize Somaliland, partly due to Somalia’s objections and fears of encouraging other secessionist movements.
As President Abdirahman Irro begins his term, expectations are high. His success in fostering inclusivity, boosting the economy, and advancing Somaliland’s diplomatic agenda will determine whether the region overcomes its challenges or continues to struggle with unresolved issues.