The Senegalese government and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) have signed a historic peace agreement, ending one of Africa’s longest-running conflicts. The accord, brokered by Guinea-Bissau President Umaro Sissoco Embalo, concludes more than 40 years of violence in Senegal’s southern Casamance region, state media reported on Sunday.
The peace deal was announced at a joint press conference at the Palace of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. Senegal’s Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko, President Embalo, and Guinea-Bissau’s Prime Minister Rui Duarte Barros were present. Sonko called the agreement “a big step towards definitive peace in Casamance” and thanked Guinea-Bissau for its role in the talks.
The Casamance conflict began in 1982. It was driven by the MFDC’s fight for independence in the southern region, which is separated from northern Senegal by The Gambia. The conflict led to thousands of deaths and displaced many people. It also hurt the local economy, affecting farming and tourism.
In May 2023, about 250 MFDC fighters surrendered their weapons in Mongone, a former rebel stronghold. This marked a shift toward peace and helped set the stage for the recent talks, which started three days before the agreement.
During the press conference, Sonko highlighted the strong ties between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau. He delivered a message from Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, thanking Guinea-Bissau for helping in the peace process. Sonko noted that the special committee set up to mediate the talks played a key role in reaching the agreement.
With the conflict now over, the Senegalese government plans to focus on rebuilding Casamance’s economy. They aim to improve infrastructure, support local farmers, and boost tourism, which has suffered due to years of conflict.
The peace deal is expected to strengthen national unity and improve stability in West Africa. Guinea-Bissau’s role as a mediator has also enhanced its standing in the region.
The Senegalese government has promised to support displaced families and continue dialogue to maintain peace. Programs to help former fighters reintegrate into society are also underway, aiming to build trust and unity in affected communities.
Analysts view this peace agreement as a turning point for Senegal. It not only ends a decades-long conflict but also opens doors to development and progress in Casamance.