Ramadan holds deep spiritual and cultural significance in Somalia, where it is observed with devotion, generosity, and strong community bonds. As a predominantly Muslim country, Somalia transforms during this holy month, with streets bustling in the evenings, mosques filled with worshippers, and homes preparing special meals to break the fast.
The Spirit of Ramadan in Somalia
Ramadan is a time of increased faith, charity, and reflection for Somalis. Families wake up before dawn for suhur, the pre-dawn meal, and fast from sunrise to sunset. Throughout the day, people engage in prayers, reading the Quran, and acts of kindness. The atmosphere changes completely as the sun sets, with the call to prayer signaling the much-anticipated iftar (breaking of the fast).
In Somalia, communities take pride in their hospitality during Ramadan. It is common for people to share food with neighbors and those in need, ensuring that no one breaks their fast alone. Charitable giving, known as zakat, is emphasized, with donations to the less fortunate being a central part of the month.
Traditional Ramadan Meals in Somalia
Somali cuisine plays a vital role in Ramadan celebrations. The fast is typically broken with dates and a refreshing drink, often tamar hindi (tamarind juice) or shurbad (a sweet porridge made from wheat or corn). This is followed by a hearty meal, which may include:
Sambusa – Similar to samosas, these are crispy, triangular pastries filled with spiced meat or vegetables.
Canjeero – A spongy, fermented pancake similar to Ethiopian injera, often served with stews or honey.
Bariis iskukaris – A flavorful Somali rice dish cooked with spices, meat, and vegetables.
Maraq – A slow-cooked, spiced stew often enjoyed with bread.
Desserts and sweets are also popular during Ramadan, with halwa (a sugary, nut-filled confection) being a favorite among families.
Suhur and the ‘Ramadan Drummers’
In the early hours of the morning, before dawn, the streets of Somali cities and villages echo with the sounds of Sahur drummers or dabaqad, who walk through neighborhoods to wake people up for the pre-dawn meal. This tradition, which dates back centuries, is still practiced in many areas, ensuring that no one misses suhur.
After breaking the fast, people gather in mosques for Tarawih, special nightly prayers performed during Ramadan. These prayers bring the community together in worship, creating a strong sense of unity. Many people spend the nights reading the Quran and engaging in deep spiritual reflection.
The last ten days of Ramadan are particularly special, as Muslims seek Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power), believed to be the most blessed night of the month. During this period, mosques remain open throughout the night, and acts of charity increase.
Eid al-Fitr: The Joyful Conclusion of Ramadan
The end of Ramadan is marked by Eid al-Fitr, a festival of joy and gratitude. On this day, Somalis wear their finest clothes, gather for early morning prayers, and visit family and friends. Special meals are prepared, and gifts are exchanged, especially for children. The day is also an occasion for generosity, with many donating food and money to the less fortunate so that everyone can celebrate together.
Ramadan in Somalia is more than just fasting—it is a time of faith, culture, and strong communal bonds. The traditions, food, and acts of kindness observed throughout the month create an atmosphere of unity and devotion, making it one of the most special times of the year for Somali Muslims.