President Emmerson Mnangagwa has retired Lieutenant General Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe from his role as commander of the Zimbabwe National Army. Sanyatwe has now been appointed Minister of Sport, Recreation, Arts, and Culture. The announcement, made on Tuesday by Chief Secretary to the President Martin Rushwaya, stated that the decision takes effect immediately.
Unclear Reasons, Political Timing
The government did not provide a clear explanation for the move. However, the timing is significant. With Zimbabwe’s 2028 general elections still years away, political tensions are already rising. Analysts suggest this decision could be part of Mnangagwa’s strategy to tighten control over key institutions.
A Controversial Military Career
Sanyatwe, 69, has held several high-profile positions. He previously commanded the presidential guard and later served as Zimbabwe’s ambassador to Tanzania. However, his record is not without controversy. In August 2018, security forces under his command were involved in a deadly crackdown on post-election protests. At least six civilians were killed, leading the United States to sanction him in 2019 for human rights violations.
Though the US lifted these sanctions in 2024 under former President Joe Biden, his reputation remained damaged. The UK government also froze his assets in 2021, and that restriction has not been lifted.
Efforts to Secure Power?
Political observers believe Sanyatwe’s removal is part of a broader effort to consolidate Mnangagwa’s power. Some suggest the president is restructuring the military to eliminate figures who may challenge his leadership. There are reports that Vice President Constantino Chiwenga, a key figure in the 2017 coup that brought Mnangagwa to power, could be eyeing the presidency.
A former ruling party veteran, Blessed Geza, recently expressed support for Chiwenga. Shortly after, a journalist who interviewed Geza was arrested. This has fueled speculation that Mnangagwa is targeting individuals seen as sympathetic to his potential rivals.
A Risky Political Move
While sidelining Sanyatwe may strengthen Mnangagwa’s grip on power, it is not without risks. Political analysts warn that removing high-ranking military officials could create instability. Discontent within the armed forces has historically played a role in leadership changes in Zimbabwe.
Mnangagwa himself came to power in 2017 through a military coup that ended Robert Mugabe’s decades-long rule. At the time, many Zimbabweans hoped for reform. However, critics argue that his government has remained intolerant of opposition and protests. Western governments and human rights groups continue to raise concerns over political repression.
Uncertain Future
As Mnangagwa reshapes Zimbabwe’s military and political landscape, the long-term impact of Sanyatwe’s reassignment remains unclear. While it may reduce immediate threats to his leadership, it could also deepen divisions within the ruling party. With economic hardships worsening and public frustration growing, Zimbabwe’s political future remains unpredictable.