As of 2025, Africa continues to intensify its efforts against malaria through a multifaceted approach that includes vaccination, vector control, and innovative research.
Recent data indicates that malaria continues to exert a heavy toll across the continent. Between 2019 and 2022, the estimated number of malaria cases in the African Region increased from 218 million to 233 million. Notably, substantial case increases were observed in countries such as Nigeria (5.3 million), Ethiopia (2.4 million), Madagascar (1.5 million), Uganda (1.3 million), and Mozambique (1 million).
Vaccination Initiatives
A significant milestone in malaria prevention is the allocation of 18 million doses of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine to 12 African countries for the 2023–2025 period. This initiative targets regions with the highest malaria burden, aiming to protect vulnerable populations, especially children under five.
In addition to RTS,S/AS01, the R21/Matrix-M vaccine, developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India, has been recommended by the World Health Organization. This vaccine has shown promising efficacy and is expected to complement existing vaccination efforts across the continent.
Innovative Research and Genetic Approaches
Advancements in genetic research offer new avenues for malaria control. Scientists are exploring the release of genetically modified mosquitoes incapable of transmitting the malaria parasite or designed to reduce mosquito populations by skewing sex ratios. Although still in experimental stages, these strategies hold promise for future malaria elimination efforts.
Challenges and Setbacks
Despite progress, challenges remain. A recent funding freeze by the U.S. administration has halted the USAID Malaria Vaccine Development Program, potentially delaying advancements in vaccine research and affecting collaborative efforts globally.
Africa’s fight against malaria in 2025 is characterized by a combination of established interventions and innovative strategies. While significant progress has been made, sustained commitment and collaboration are essential to overcome challenges and achieve long-term malaria elimination on the continent.