Rodents, Squirrels Identified as Potential Mpox Virus Carriers
Scientists are tracing the origins of the mpox virus to various animal species, revealing that rodents and small mammals in Africa could be primary carriers. Although first identified in monkeys in 1958, recent studies suggest that primates are not the main reservoir for the virus, which primarily affects humans through close contact with infected animals.
While the first human case of mpox appeared in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970, research since then has shifted focus to specific rodent species, particularly in Africa’s humid forest regions. Rodents like African dormice, giant pouched rats, and striped squirrels have shown evidence of mpox exposure, with antibodies detected in their systems. Squirrels especially appear to be a significant link; approximately 12% of infected people had prior contact with squirrels, suggesting their role in virus transmission.
The virus circulates in two main variants: the Congo Basin strain, which is more transmissible, and the less severe West African strain. Cameroon, positioned between the two regions, contains cases of both clades, with the Sanaga River acting as a natural divider.
Transmission is likely connected to human interactions with wildlife, particularly through hunting and handling bushmeat. Rodents found near agricultural areas, especially during harvest times, may encounter humans frequently, raising the risk of transmission. Additionally, inadequate cooking of infected animal products could contribute to mpox spread.
To curb mpox, experts recommend increased public awareness about wildlife handling and consumption risks, especially in forested areas where infected animals are prevalent. Prevention through personal hygiene and biosecurity practices can reduce human-animal interactions that might lead to mpox exposure.
