As France faces diminishing influence across Africa, its military base in Djibouti has emerged as a critical foothold for retaining relevance on the continent. The strategically located nation, at the crossroads of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, has become a hub for global military powers seeking control over vital maritime routes and regional stability.
Djibouti hosts bases for multiple nations, including the United States, China, Japan, and Italy, as well as France, which first established its presence there in 1969. However, the increasing competition from other powers, particularly China and the U.S., has prompted French President Emmanuel Macron to strengthen ties with Djibouti’s leadership.
Strategic Significance
Djibouti’s location near the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, a critical chokepoint for global trade, underpins its importance. With millions of barrels of oil and containers passing through annually, the region serves as a vital corridor for commerce between Asia, Europe, and Africa.
France pays approximately €30 million annually for its military base, hosting around 2,500 troops. However, this presence pales in comparison to the growing influence of other nations, including China, which operates a major base supporting thousands of personnel.
Eroding Influence
France’s diminishing clout in sub-Saharan Africa, where its troops have been expelled from several nations, has raised questions about its future role on the continent. Analysts suggest that France’s colonial legacy and perceived interference have fueled resentment among African nations, making its presence increasingly unwelcome.
Djibouti’s hosting of military bases from countries like the U.S., China, and Japan reflects the region’s geopolitical significance. While these bases provide economic benefits for Djibouti, they also increase the potential for foreign interference and tension.
China’s investment in Djibouti’s infrastructure, including ports and railways, has deepened its foothold in the region, but concerns about debt dependency persist. Meanwhile, the U.S. has expanded its military presence to counterbalance China’s influence, further complicating the dynamics.
France’s Last Stand?
President Macron’s recent visit to Djibouti highlights France’s efforts to retain influence. However, as African nations increasingly distance themselves from former colonial powers, questions loom over whether Djibouti will remain France’s final stronghold in the region.
With the rise of new global players like China, Türkiye, and India, the balance of power in Africa is shifting, leaving France to navigate an uncertain future.