The African Union (AU) has elected Djibouti’s Mahmoud Ali Youssouf as the new chairperson of its executive body, the African Union Commission (AUC). His leadership begins at a critical time, as the continent faces increasing internal and global challenges.
A Tough Election Battle
The AU summit in Addis Ababa saw a significant political shift as Youssouf replaced outgoing chair Moussa Faki from Chad. The election process was competitive, with Youssouf narrowly securing victory over veteran Kenyan politician Raila Odinga after seven rounds of voting. This marks the first time an East African leader has headed the AUC.
Youssouf, who has served as Djibouti’s foreign minister since 2005, is recognized for his diplomatic experience. His ability to communicate in Arabic, English, and French will be an asset in managing AU affairs.
Djibouti’s Strategic Advantage
Djibouti, despite its small size, plays a critical role in global geopolitics, hosting military bases for major world powers, including the U.S., China, and France. The country also serves as a key trade corridor linking Asia, Africa, and Europe. Analysts suggest that Youssouf’s leadership could strengthen Ethiopia-Djibouti relations, particularly given Ethiopia’s reliance on Djibouti’s ports.
The outcome of the election was seen as a blow to Odinga, with some suggesting Kenya’s recent diplomatic decisions, such as hosting Sudanese rebel leaders in Nairobi, may have affected regional support for his bid.
Pressing Continental Challenges
Youssouf takes charge at a time when Africa is experiencing severe conflicts, including Sudan’s civil war, Islamist insurgencies in the Sahel, and escalating tensions in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Observers argue that internal AU divisions and limited financial resources hinder the organization’s ability to resolve such crises.
The AU also remains heavily dependent on external funding, with the European Union covering more than half of its annual budget. However, shifting geopolitical priorities among Western nations, particularly in light of U.S. foreign policy changes, may reduce financial support for African initiatives.
Reparations and the AU’s Future
Looking ahead, the AU has designated 2025 as the year to focus on reparations for Africans and people of African descent. While the issue has long been debated, implementation remains uncertain, especially given the rise of far-right politics in Europe and reduced U.S. aid to Africa.
As Youssouf assumes office, the AU faces mounting pressure to prove its relevance and effectiveness. Strengthening institutional reforms, resolving internal disputes, and securing sustainable funding will be key to addressing Africa’s pressing security and economic challenges.