Egypt has reportedly acquired Chinese J-10C fighter jets, indicating Beijing’s increasing influence in the Middle East and regional nations’ efforts to diversify their military sources, thereby reducing dependence on the United States.
As reported by the Bulgarian defense news agency Bulgarian Military, Egypt placed its initial order for the J-10C “Vigorous Dragon” on August 19. This makes Egypt the second country, after Pakistan, to purchase the J-10C, a versatile 4.5-generation multirole fighter known for its advanced combat capabilities at a competitive price.
The J-10C is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and is recognized for its air superiority, drawing comparisons to the American F-16.
Military Watch Magazine previously noted that Egypt’s acquisition of the J-10C aligns with its broader initiative to modernize its air force, particularly as it phases out older F-16s. Reports indicate that Egypt rejected offers from the US and Russia to upgrade or replace its fleet, including a US proposal to modernize its F-16s to the F-16V variant and provide new F-15 jets.
Similarly, a Russian offer for MiG-29 fighters was reportedly declined due to previous unsatisfactory experiences with Russian purchases, including the MiG-29M in 2015.
A significant factor behind Egypt’s shift towards China is its frustration with US restrictions on advanced weaponry. Despite being one of the largest F-16 operators, Egypt’s fleet suffers from outdated technology and lacks beyond-visual-range (BVR) missiles.
Historically, US foreign influence has delayed or limited advanced upgrades to Egypt’s military due to human rights issues and regional politics. The US temporarily suspended military aid following the 2013 ousting of former President Mohamed Morsi, further hindering upgrades to Egypt’s aging F-16 fleet.
Experts believe these restrictions have driven Egypt to seek more independent defense options. Countries like China, which impose fewer political conditions, have become attractive partners. Chinese military equipment generally comes with fewer restrictions and allows for quicker upgrades.
In a sign of strengthening military relations, Egyptian Air Force Commander Lieutenant General Mahmoud Fuad Abdel Gawad recently met with Chinese counterpart General Chang Dingqiu in Beijing to discuss the transfer of J-10C and J-31 fighter jets. Egypt, along with Iran, the UAE, and Ethiopia, has also recently joined the BRICS economic group, indicating a broader geopolitical shift towards aligning with the Global South.