Nigeria’s National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) will lead efforts to recover and preserve the Benin Bronzes, historic artefacts looted by British soldiers in 1897. The move follows an agreement with the royal ruler of Benin, who was named the sole owner and custodian of the bronzes nearly two years ago.
The artefacts, known for their intricate designs and cultural significance, were taken during a raid on the Kingdom of Benin—now part of southwestern Nigeria. Many of these priceless bronzes remain in European museums and private collections, symbolizing the lasting impact of colonial-era looting.
In March 2023, then-President Muhammadu Buhari signed a decree recognizing the Oba, or king, of Benin as the rightful owner of all returned bronzes. The decree also made him responsible for overseeing the places where the artefacts are stored. However, the Oba lacks the infrastructure needed to care for the bronzes.
NCMM Director General Olugbile Holloway said the Oba had given the commission the green light to display, conserve, and seek reparations for the artefacts. “The Oba has given the NCMM the blessing to display, conserve, and to pursue reparation of these objects. So, there is no more ambiguity,” Holloway told Reuters.
The NCMM’s role comes amid a broader push by African countries to reclaim cultural treasures taken during colonial times. Many of the Benin Bronzes, considered among Africa’s finest heritage items, are still held in Europe.
The 2023 government decree led to a pause in plans by the University of Cambridge’s Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology to return more than 100 artefacts. Despite this setback, Holloway expressed confidence that a deal with Cambridge University would soon be reached.
He emphasized that the bronzes’ return is not only about museum displays and preservation. “It is about the dignity of our people and undoing the injustice of 1897,” he said.
By taking on this role, the NCMM aims to restore Nigeria’s cultural heritage, promote historical justice, and strengthen national pride. The collaboration with the Benin royal authority is expected to play a key role in achieving these goals.