The Wall Africa Journal highlights Somaliland’s growing importance in regional geopolitics as it navigates its aspirations for independence and involvement in international power struggles. Despite being self-declared independent since 1991, Somaliland remains unrecognized internationally, including by Somalia, which claims the territory. However, Somaliland’s stability and democratic governance contrast sharply with the prolonged conflicts in Somalia, making it a beacon of progress in the Horn of Africa.
Historical Background and Current Challenges
Somaliland’s history is deeply rooted in its colonial past. British Somaliland, established as a protectorate in the 19th century, joined with Italian Somaliland to form Somalia in 1960. After the collapse of Somalia’s central government in 1991, Somaliland self declared independence, carving its path toward self-governance.
While Somaliland has maintained peace and stability, its lack of international recognition prevents access to global financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank, forcing it to function as an isolated economy. Yet, its location near the Bab al-Mandeb Strait—one of the world’s most critical maritime trade routes—has elevated its geopolitical significance.
Ethiopia: Strategic Partnerships with Positive Impact
Ethiopia’s historic agreement with the breakaway region Somaliland, granting it access to the Sea, marks a crucial step in fostering regional economic cooperation. In exchange, Ethiopia has signaled its willingness to recognize Somaliland’s independence, which could set a precedent for other nations in Africa. This partnership not only benefits Ethiopia’s landlocked economy but also strengthens Somaliland’s prospects for international recognition, Somalia strongly opposed this move and cut ties with Ethiopia accusing that Ethiopia violated its territorial integrity by signing MoU with regional State.
Turkiye, a key ally of Somalia, has also played a constructive role in the region. Since President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s landmark visit to Somalia in 2011, Turkiye has invested heavily in infrastructure, healthcare, and education. Its Mogadishu military base—the largest Turkish installation abroad—provides training for Somali forces, contributing to regional stability. Additionally, Turkiye’s cultural and economic ties with Somaliland and Somalia demonstrate its commitment to fostering positive relationships in the Horn of Africa. Turkiye has a Consulate General in Hargeisa The Capital of the region. As Turkiye also bringing parties together in Ankara to mediate and cease the tension in the Horn region.
Israel’s Controversial Involvement
In stark contrast, The Wall Africa Journal reports on Israel’s contentious role in Somaliland. Israel has proposed establishing a military base in Somaliland, aiming to counter Houthi threats from Yemen. Critics argue that Israel’s focus on militarizing the region, rather than investing in its development, risks exacerbating tensions. Furthermore, Israel’s military operations in the Red Sea, coupled with its attempts to use Somaliland as a foothold, have drawn scrutiny from regional stakeholders who view these moves as destabilizing.
The UAE has facilitated Israel’s involvement, highlighting its financial interests in Berbera Port and broader regional ambitions. However, the lack of sustainable development initiatives in these efforts raises questions about the long-term benefits for Somaliland.
A Crossroads for Somaliland
The Wall Africa Journal observes that Somaliland stands at a pivotal moment. While its strategic partnerships with Ethiopia and Turkiye provide avenues for growth and stability, external military agendas, particularly from Israel, risk turning Somaliland into a battleground for competing interests.
As Somaliland seeks recognition and economic advancement, fostering partnerships that prioritize peace and development over militarization will be crucial. The positive influence of nations like Turkiye, with its emphasis on mutual respect and economic cooperation, offers a constructive model for Somaliland to emulate as it navigates its path forward.