Tanzania has been criticized for displacing communities in the name of expanding conservation areas, which cover more than 40% of its territory. Recent evictions have primarily targeted the Maasai people in the Ngorongoro district, a region known for its abundant wildlife and the Ngorongoro Crater.
The government claims these measures are necessary to protect the environment from a growing Maasai population, with approximately 100,000 people currently residing in the conservation area. However, these evictions often prioritize wildlife tourism and elite hunting ventures, a sector contributing over 17% to Tanzania’s GDP.
Under President Samia Suluhu Hassan, these evictions have escalated in frequency and violence. Reports indicate Maasai residents have faced shootings, arrests, and other forms of abuse. Critics argue this approach violates the community’s rights, leaving many in extreme poverty.
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, established in the late 1950s, was initially designed to conserve wildlife while safeguarding Maasai livelihoods. However, subsequent policies undermined these guarantees, and conservation organizations have supported relocation efforts. Over 9,700 Maasai have already moved, with plans for more to follow.
Authorities enforce restrictions that limit pastoralist practices, deprive Maasai of essential social services, and ban permanent settlements. These tactics have impoverished the community, leaving 80% below the poverty line and 74% without formal education. Officials claim relocation is in the Maasai’s best interest, further pressuring them into “voluntary” resettlement.
The Maasai’s plight raises broader concerns about global conservation practices, where protecting biodiversity often comes at the expense of vulnerable populations. Calls for accountability and inclusive policies are growing to ensure conservation efforts do not perpetuate injustice.